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Thomas Hood poem, The Language of Flowers Flowers and bouquets of flowers have a meaning of their own. Most of us know that a dozen red roses means, Be mine. But did you know, for example, that a primrose means, I cant live without you, or that a purple hyacinth means, Please forgive me, or that a pink carnation means, Ill never forget you, or that a gladiolus means, Give me a break? Flower meanings have been used to convey ideas, feelings and messages for centuries. The word, floriography, has been coined for the assignment of meaning to flowers. There is a meaning to colors of flowers, to numbers of flowers, and to groups of flowers. It is a silent language that has been largely lost to us through lack of use. In addition to the obvious choices of color and variety, the language of flowers also includes the way flowers are worn or presented. Presenting flowers upright conveys a positive meaning, but if they are presented upside down the meaning is the opposite. If a ribbon is included with the flowers and is tied to the left then the meaning of the flowers refers to the giver, but if the ribbon is tied to the right then the meaning refers to the recipient. Also, flowers can be used to answer questions. When they are presented with the right hand the answer is yes, but when presented with the left hand the answer is no. History The Turks in the 17th century seemed to develop flower meanings. In 1718 the wife of the British ambassador to Constantinople, Lady Mary Wortley, wrote a letter expounding on the Secret Language of Flowers that she had discovered during her visits to Turkey. Europe quickly picked up on the concept. In 1819 Louise Cortambert, under the pen name, Madame Charlotte de la Tour, wrote and published what seems to have been the first dictionary of the flower language entitled, Le Language des Fleurs. It was a small book, but it became a popular reference on the subject. During the Victorian era, the reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901, the meaning and language of flowers became increasingly popular. Victorian women especially picked up the silent language that allowed them to communicate feelings and meanings that the strict propriety of the times would not allow. Tussie-mussies, a bouquet of flowers wrapped with a lace doily and tied with a satin ribbon became a popular and valued gift of the times. In 1884 a whole book on the subject and entitled, The Language of Flowers, by Jean Marsh and illustrated by Kate Greenaway, was published in London. It became popular and respected and has been the standard source for Victorian flower meaning ever since. Selected Flower Meanings Here are some selected flowers and their meanings, a short dictionary. Almond flowers -- Hope Anemone -- Forsaken Aster -- Symbol of love Balm -- Sympathy Basil -- Best wishes Bay leaf -- 'I change but in death' Bell flower, white -- Gratitude Bergamot -- Irresistible Bluebell -- Constancy Borage -- Courage Broom -- Humility Campanula -- Gratitude Carnation, pink -- I'll never forget you Carnation, red -- My poor heart aches for you Carnation, striped -- Refusal China rose -- Beauty always new Chrysanthemum -- Love Clover, four leaved -- 'Be mine' Coreopsis -- Love at first sight Cuckoo pint -- Ardor Daffodil -- Regard Daisy -- Innocence, new-born, 'I share your sentiment' Fennel -- Flattery Fern -- Sincerity Forget-Me-Not -- True love Furze or Gorse -- Enduring affection French Marigold -- Jealousy Gardenia -- Ecstasy Gentian -- Loveliness Geranium -- 'You are childish' Hare bell -- Grief Heartsease -- 'I am always thinking of you' Honeysuckle -- Bonds of love Heather -- Admiration Hyacinth -- I am sorry, Please forgive me Ice Plant -- 'Your appearance freezes me' Ivy -- Fidelity, friendship, marriage Jasmine -- Grace Jonquil -- 'I hope for return of affection' Lavender -- Luck, devotion Lemon Balm -- Sympathy Lilac -- First love Lily -- Purity, modesty Lily of the Valley -- Purity, the return of happiness Lily, Calla -- Beauty Marigold -- Health, grief or despair Marjoram -- Kindness, courtesy Myrtle -- Fidelity Oregano -- Joy Orchid -- Love, beauty, refinement Pansy -- Loving thoughts Periwinkle -- Happy memory Phlox -- Agreement Poppy, red -- Consolation Primrose -- I can't live without you Rose, cabbage -- Ambassador of love Rose, red -- Love Rose, pink -- Grace, beauty Rose, yellow -- Friendship Rosemary -- Remembrance, constancy Rue -- Contrition Sage -- Gratitude, domestic virtue Snowdrop -- Hope Star of Bethlehem -- Purity Sweet Pea -- Departure, tender memory Sweet William -- Gallantry Tuberose -- Voluptuousness Tulip, red -- My perfect lover, Reclamation of love Violet -- Loyalty, modesty, humility Violet, blue -- Faithfulness Wormwood -- Grief Wheat -- Riches of the continuation of life Willow, weeping -- Mourning Wallflower -- Fidelity Yew -- Sorrow The Rose The Rose is the flower whose meaning we most understand, but here are some details of the meaning of the Rose that may be of further interest. Rose, Black You are my obsession Rose, Champagne You are tender and loving Rose, Leonidas Sweet love Rose, Nicole You are graceful and elegant, aristocratic Rose, Orange You are my secret love Rose, Pink Brilliant complexion; the glow of your smile; perfect happiness Rose, Red Passionate love; I love you Rose, Single Stems Simplicity Rose, White I am worthy of you; spiritual love; Innocence and Purity; Secrecy and Silence Rose, White and Red We are inseparable Rose, White and Red Mixed Unity; Flower emblem of England Rose, White, Dried Death is preferable to loss of virtue Rose, Yellow Friendship; Jealousy; I am not worthy Rose, Bridal Happy Love Rose, Dark Crimson Mourning Rose, Hibiscus Delicate beauty Rose, Tea Ill remember always Rose, Thornless Love at first sight Roses, Bouquet of Mature Blooms Gratitude Multiple Roses Single bloom red Rose Love at first sight or I still love you Single Rose, any color Gratitude or simplicity 2 Roses Mutual feelings 3 Roses I love you 7 Roses Im infatuated with you 9 Roses Well be together forever 10 Roses You are perfect 11 Roses You are my treasured one 12 Roses Be mine 13 Roses Friends forever 15 Roses Im truly sorry 20 Roses Im truly sincere towards you 21 Roses Im dedicated to you 24 Roses Forever yours 25 Roses Congratulations 50 Roses Unconditional love 99 Roses I will love you all the days of my life 108 Roses Will you marry me? 999 Roses I love you till the end of time What To Do With the lists above you should be able to assemble a meaningful gift of flowers or a bouquet that conveys a complex thought. Wrap the flowers appropriately and present them in a significant manner. Then, just to be certain that your efforts are not misinterpreted, include a card that fully explains the meaning of your flowers. After a few flower presentations you should be able to drop the explanatory notes and begin enjoying and sharing the silent language of flowers.
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